One hundred years ago in 1908 Felix Klein’s lectures on mathematics for secondary teachers were first published (in German). This comprehensive view of the field challenged both teachers and mathematicians to consider the relationship between learning mathematics and the nature of disciplinary mathematics. The two volumes were republished in 2004 by Dover (see Fig 1 and Fig 2). In the intervening 100 years the nature of the mathematics has changed—the crises in foundations the advent of computing new fields and resolutions of some major mathematical challenges.
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